Optimization of Transducer Location for Novel Non-Intrusive Methodologies of Diagnosis in Diesel Engines

The health monitoring has been studied to ensure integrity of design of engine structure by detection, quantification, and prediction of damages. Early detection of faults may allow the downtime of maintenance to be rescheduled, thus preventing sudden shutdown of machines. In cylinder pressure developed, vibrations and noise emissions data provide a rich source of information about condition of engines. Monitoring of vibrations and noise emissions are novel non-intrusive methodologies for which positioning of various transducers are important issue. The presented work shows applicability of these diagnosis methodologies adopted in case of diesel engines. The effects of changing various fuel injection parameters was analyzed. Scope of using non-intrusive technique has been analyzed by changing locations of microphone. Novelty of this worklies in exploring signal processing methods for various locations around the engine test set up. Various frequency ranges of contributing noise and vibration sources were identified. Time-Frequency analysis showed the onset of various cyclic. Based on the identification of various frequency bands, it is possible to device suitable filters in order to extract more information.     

Resonant Raman‐based cytochrome C biosensor as a tool for evaluating the oxidative properties of the diesel exhaust particulate matter

Air pollution mostly originating from car exhaust and industrial emissions is seriously endangering human health. The study of toxic effects of particulate matter (PM) is a subject of very active research that covers a broad field from biology to chemistry and technology. The main issue of these works is the understanding of the oxidative properties of PM. In this paper, we present a quantitative analytical method based on the resonance Raman spectroscopy of cytocrome c that can be used to monitor the oxidative reactions that may take place between biological samples and PM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of the automotive Start/Stop system on noise emission: Experimental study

One of the most common environmental impacts of road transportation is the traffic noise. Linked to this, Start/Stop is a technology which has demonstrated to save fuel by powering off the engine when the vehicle is stopped, such as in front of a traffic light, and restarting the engine instantly when the driver pushes back the pedal brake to proceed. The technology helps also to reduce the CO₂ emission, playing a key role in a way to accomplish stringent emission norms for vehicle manufacturer. However, we are not sure whether it reduces the noise emission and how much? Thus, the main aim of this work is to assess the engine noise emissions of a vehicle incorporating a Start/Stop system in urban traffic, and compare it with those radiated by the mean traffic stream. Experimental results demonstrate that there are no contributions of the Start/Stop system to reduce meaningfully the engine noise in urban traffic.     

Full‐Color Emissive Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Electrospun Nanofibers Containing a Single Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymer for Large‐Scale,Flexible Light‐Emitting Sheets

White‐light‐emitting protocols based on organic materials have received much attention in the academic and industrial fields because of their potential applications in full‐color displays and back‐lighting units for liquid crystal displays. Here, the attempt is made to fabricate white‐light‐emitting, electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) sheets containing controlled concentrations of a single light‐emitting material composed of a type of hyperbranched conjugated polymer (HCP). The HCPs used here have the unique property of exhibiting a variety of fluorescence colors in the electrospun matrix that is caused by the different distances between HCP chains depending on their concentrations, leading to different degrees of intermolecular energy transfer. Therefore, the emission colors of the PEO sheets can be easily manipulated by simply varying the HCP concentrations in the PEO matrix. The resulting method for fabricating nanofibers comprising light‐emitting materials in the polymer matrix has great potential for easy fabrication of cost‐effective, flexible light‐emitting system.

     

Neutron emission from fracturing of granite blocks: An experimental revisitation

A series of experimental tests, such as those of Carpinteri et al. (2013), have been performed. The aim was to check the emission of neutrons in the fracture of Luserna granite blocks under mechanical loading, as reported by the above mentioned authors. No neutrons have been detected and some doubts have emerged on the soundness of the previous measurements.     

Integrating Time-Resolved Imaging Information by Single-Luminophore Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence

The fact that the lifetime of photoluminescence is often difficult to access because of the weakness of the emission signals, seriously limits the possibility to gain local bioimaging information in time-resolved luminescence probing. We aim to provide a solution to this problem by creating a general photophysical strategy based on the use of molecular probes designed for single-luminophore dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The structural and conformational design makes the dual TADF strong in both diluted solution and in an aggregated state, thereby reducing sensitivity to oxygen quenching and enabling a unique dual-channel time-resolved imaging capability. As the two TADF signals show mutual complementarity during probing, a dual-channel means that lifetime mapping is established to reduce the time-resolved imaging distortion by 30–40 %. Consequently, the leading intracellular local imaging information is serialized and integrated, which allows comparison to any single time-resolved signal, and leads to a significant improvement of the probing capacity.     

The bi-objective Pollution-Routing Problem

The bi-objective Pollution-Routing Problem is an extension of the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP) which consists of routing a number of vehicles to serve a set of customers, and determining their speed on each route segment. The two objective functions pertaining to minimization of fuel consumption and driving time are conflicting and are thus considered separately. This paper presents an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm (ALNS), combined with a speed optimization procedure, to solve the bi-objective PRP. Using the ALNS as the search engine, four a posteriori methods, namely the weighting method, the weighting method with normalization, the epsilon-constraint method and a new hybrid method (HM), are tested using a scalarization of the two objective functions. The HM combines adaptive weighting with the epsilon-constraint method. To evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm, new sets of instances based on real geographic data are generated, and a library of bi-criteria PRP instances is compiled. Results of extensive computational experiments with the four methods are presented and compared with one another by means of the hypervolume and epsilon indicators. The results show that HM is highly effective in finding good-quality non-dominated solutions on PRP instances with 100 nodes.     

基于假设脱钩区间模型的省际节能减排压力测算以辽宁省为例

参照资源消耗及废物排放与经济增长的定量表达式-IGT方程和IGTX方程,分别推导出资源脱钩指数和二氧化碳排放指数方程.根据脱钩指数,将二氧化碳排放与GDP脱钩程度分为绝对脱钩、相对脱钩和未脱钩三种程度,并构建了假设相对脱钩和假设绝对脱钩区间.以辽宁省1995-2012年间二氧化碳排放量和GDP增长量为对象,分析了二者的脱钩关系.研究发现,除了1997和1999年二者处于相对脱钩状态,其余年份均未脱钩.运用假设脱钩区间模型,分别计算达到相对脱钩和绝对脱钩状态的二氧化碳年排放理想值,并与现值进行比较,得到各年节能减排的压力值.研究结果表明:相对脱钩的压力相对较小,减排压力在0-1671万t之间,占基准年碳排放量的0%-12.23%;绝对脱钩的压力较大,减排压力在320.77-4899.84万t,占基准年碳排放量的2.35%-23.94%.     

用于NH3选择性催化还原NO的非钒基催化剂研究进展

NH3选择性催化还原NO (NH3-SCR)技术在燃煤电厂烟气脱硝过程中有着多年的工业应用经验,也是最有望实际应用于柴油车尾气NOx催化去除的技术之一.鉴于目前工业化应用的V2O5-WO3 (MoO3)/TiO2催化剂体系应用于柴油车尾气净化仍存在着诸多问题,开发新型、高效、稳定且环境友好的非钒基NH3-SCR催化剂体...     

硅胶的表面硅烷化处理及其吸附性能研究

为研究改性硅胶对挥发性有机废气的吸附性能,分别采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、一甲基三乙氧基硅烷对硅胶进行气相改性处理,试验研究了不同改性剂、改性时间对硅胶饱和吸附率的影响,考察了改性硅胶对甲苯、水二组分体系的吸附选择性.结果表明,硅胶对甲苯的吸附主要为物理吸附,长链的硅烷改性剂在60℃、...